Telautograph



Patented Sept. 6, [898.

No. 6l0,274.

L. 0. MGPHERSON.

TELAUTOGRAPH. (Application filed Mar. 13,, 1897.)

4 Shaets-$heet I.

(No Model.)

Patented Sept. 6, I898.

No. s|u,274.

L. 0. MCPHERSON.

TELAUTOGRAP H.

(Application filed Max. 13, 1897.)

4 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

Patented Sept. 6, I898.

L. 0. MEPHERSON.

TELAUTUGBAPH.

(Application filed Mar, 13, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4-.

(No Model.)

= E TES .ATENT LEON o. MoPI-IERSON, or HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORTO THE GRAY EUROPEAN TELAUTOGRAPH COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TELAUTOGRA'PH. i

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 610,274, datedSeptember 6, 18983.

Application filed March 13,1897. Serial No. 627,443. (No model.)

T0 aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LnoN O. MCPHERSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Highland Park, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Telautographs, of whichthe folmovement is a resultant of two forces acting at substantiallyright angles to each other upon a single point, and wherein theprogression of the two forces acting upon the single point is regulatedin extent by successive electric impulses of varying strength andvarying in number according to the distance moved, and is regulated indirection by additional variations of the current strength of thesuccessive impulses which control such progression.

The object of the invention is to simplify and improve the constructionand arrangement of devices and apparatus for efiecting telautographiccommunication between two distant points or stations connected by suitable line-wires and to render the same more accurate, more speedy, andmore perfect in operation.

The invention consists, substantially, in the construction, combination,location, and relative arrangement, all as will be more fullyhereinafter set forth, as shown in the accompanying drawings, andfinally specifically pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings and to the various views andreference signs appearing thereon, Figure 1 is a view in frontelevation, showing the disposition and arrangement of the various partsof the interrupter. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view. Fig. 3 is aview in side elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is aview somewhat diagrammatic, showing the arrangement of transmitterembodying the principles of my invention. Fig. 5 is a View similar toFig. 4:, showing the arrangement of the receiver. Fig. (3 is a view indiagram, illustantly located with respect to a transmitting instrument,but connected thereto by means of two line-wires. Certain features ofsuch prior application are also made use of and will be referred to inthis application-such,

for instance, as the combining of the two in struments -namely, thetransmitter and receiver-of each station upon the same base and inclosedby a single case, theoverlapping of the two sets of pen-arms, thereversing lIDGCh anism, the force-pump attachment for the inking system,the form of pen-rest, and the locking and releasing arrangementconnected with the switching system of the transmitter. These severalparts, therefore, being fully and completely described as to theirconstruction, function, mode of operation, and cooperative relation inmy said prior application, do not require specific illustration anddescription herein. I

By reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the draw ings it will be seen thatcertain parts of the instrument, and particularly the parts or devicesconcerned in effecting the movements of the two sets of pen-arms, areduplicated on opposite sides of the instrument-that is to say, certainof the parts or devices con nected with and concerned in the operation-I will. specifically describe in detail the arrangement of parts anddevices only on one side of the instrument, but will point out theoperation and-joint function of all the like parts or devices.

In the drawings, Fig. 4, I have shown at WV W the circuit-controllingapparatus of the transmitter, known technically as the interrupter, towhich are connected the penarms 10 10, said arms being arranged atsubstantially right angles with respect to each other and which at theirjunction carry the transmitting style or pencil 11. That portion of theinterrupter which effects a transmission of the impulses by which themovements of progression of the pen-arms of the receiver at the distantstation are secured is substantially the same as the construction andarrangement set forth in the patent to Elisha Gray, No. 491,347, datedFebruary 7, 1893. In the patent referred to, however, the constructionand arrangement are designed for use where four line-wires are employedconnecting the transmitter and distant receiver. The portion of themechanism for controlling the direction of the movements of progressionof the pen-arms at the receiving-station, and which mechanism is knowntechnically as the Prony brake, of the form and arrangement shown insaid patent, is suflicient for the purpose and answers the requirementsof a four-line system; but when all the movements of the receiving-penarms are to be secured through a two-wire system, as contemplated in thepresent invention, such form of Prony brake is insufficient andineffective. Various expedients have been resorted to and variousmodifications and changes and alterations in the details of constructionand arrangement of the mechanism for controlling the currents whichgovern the direction of the movements of the receiving pen arms havebeen devised and employed with a view to adapting the Prony brake to atwo-wire system and to aid and supplement it in the performance of itsfunctions. In my Patent No. 585,319, dated June 29, 1897, I have shownsuch an expedient in this connection, which admirably answers thepurpose; but such arrangement as set forth in my said patentunnecessarily complicates the construction and increases the initialcost, as well as the maintenance,of the apparatus. I have therefore inthe present case shown and will now describe some material alterationsand improvements in this feature of the apparatus in the adaptationthereof to a two-wire systern, particular reference being had to Figs.1, 2, and 3, wherein reference sign 7 designates a suitable brassframework in which are mounted the oppositely arranged and alined screws'7 7 forming screw-point bearings for shaft 1. Mounted upon shaft 1 torevolve therewith is the pen-drum 2, and also mounted on said shaft is atoothed wheel to. Suitably supported upon the framework 7 is an ironyoke or heel piece 6, upon which are suitably mounted the permanentmagnets 3, 4, and 5.

, Reference sign 8 designates a magnetic pallet arranged to operate inconnection with toothed wheel to and to which is connected pallet-lever8, the outer or free end of which is arranged to operate between theadjustable contact-limiting screws 12 13. The magnetic anchor or pallet8, the pallet-lever 8, toothed wheel w, magnets 3 and 5, yoke 6, andcontact-limiters 12 13 constitute that portion of the interrupter whichis employed for sending the impulses by which the movements ofprogression of the receiving-pen arms are secured and are essentiallythe same as the corresponding parts for the same purpose set forth inthe patent to Gray, No. 491,346, dated February 7,1893. The Pronybrake,by which the direction of the movements of progres sion of thereceiving-arms is controlled and which is indicated in the drawings at19, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and which embodies in its construction andarrangement and cooperative,

relation the principles of modification, alteration, and changeconstituting my present invention and improvement over the prior art inthis feature of the apparatus, consists of a' metallic lever of suitablemagnetic material, said lever being bifurcated at the inner end thereofand the legs of such bifurcation being arranged to straddle the wheel toand to be in close proximity thereto in order to be influencedmagnetically thereby for a purpose presently to be more fully explained.At its inner end the Pron y brake-lever is provided with the frictionclamp-jaws 19 p by which said lever is frictionally engaged with shaft1, a screw 16 or other suitable means being employed to adjustablyregulate the degree of friction by which such engagement is effected.The outer end of leverp is formed with the sharp corners or teeth 19similar to the teeth of wheel to, and for this purpose said outer end ofthe lever is made of a suit able width to accommodate said corners orteeth, as clearly indicated in Fig. 2, and said teeth or corners arepresented to a magnetic pallet 19, identical in its details with thepallet 8, above described. The lever 19 is arranged to vibrate betweenthe adjustable limiting stops or contacts 14 15. The pallet 13' isprovided with a lever 19 which is arranged to play between theadjustable limiting stops or contacts 17 18. Magnet 3 carries at itsupper end a pole-piece 19, of magnetic material, upon which is supporteda non-magnetic frame 20, and upon the latter is carried the shaft ofpallet 8 and pallet-lever 8 and also the insulated adjustablelimiting-contacts 12 13. Pallet p and its lever 19 are similarly mountedwith reference to permanent magnet 4. The upper end of magnet 5 isgrooved or slotted across the inner face thereof, as clearly indicatedin Fig. 3, and in which. slot is adapted to be received a portion of theperiphery of wheel 20 without establishing mechanical contact betweensaid wheel and magnet. Magnets 3 and 4 are of the same polar IIO sign attheir upper ends,while magnet 5 at its upper end is of the oppositepolar sign with respect thereto.

From theforegoing description of the nature and arrangement of the partsit will be seen that by reason of the relative arrangement of the wheel10 and magnet 5 the former is magnetized by the latter and an attractiveforce is set up between said wheel to and pallet 8, which latter ismagnetized by reason of the proximity thereto of magnet 3 of oppositepolarity with respect to magnet 5. It will also be seen that by reasonof the close proximity to wheel 10 of the two legs of the bifurcatedProny brake-lever 19 said lever is under the influence of magnet 5 ofone polarity and at its outer end magnetic attraction will be eX- ertedbetween said lever and the magnetic pallet 19', which is under theinfluence of magnet 4 of an opposite polarity. If under these conditionslever 19 be rocked against stop 14, for instance, lever p will be drawnagainst its contact or stop 17 under stress of the increased magneticattraction between lever 13 and that limb or portion of pallet 19 whichis nearest stop 14:. On the other hand, should lever 13 be moved againstits limiting-stop 15, a decrease of the magnetic attraction upon thefirst-named limb or portion of pallet 19 results with a correspondingincrease of the magnetic attraction on the other limb or portion of saidpallet pnamely, that limb or portion nearest stop 15-thereby effecting arocking of pallet-lever 19 against its limitingcontact 18. pallet-lever19 never moves except to make a complete excursion from one of itslimitingcontacts to the other, and such movements are always at the samespeed and occupies the same interval of time in crossing the spacebetween said limiting-contacts. This is a most important advantage overthe prior constructions and arrangements for controlling thedirection-of-progression currents of the prior art, for the reason thatin such prior constructions and arrangements the movement of the Pronybrake-lever corresponding to lever p between its limitingcontacts isdirectly related to the movements of the hand of the operator, and maytherefore be slow or rapid or may at certain periods of the operationoccupy an intermediate position between its limiting-stops and out ofcontact with both, thereby seriously deranging the current scheme foreffecting the proper operation of the other functions of the apparatus.Such derangement is impossible in my present arrangement, and still thelever 1) follows the movements of the hand of the operator, as willappear more fully hereinafter.

I will now describe the construction and arrangement of partsconstituting the trans mitter, afterward pointing out and explaining thevarious electrical operations that take place therein, particularreference being had to Fig. 4.

The platen of the transmitter, over which is Thus it will be seen thatthe the interrupter W \V.

moved the paper upon which the operator inscribes the message, isarranged between the brackets 22 23, the upper and lower, or, rather,the rear and front, edges of said platen being indicated by the lines 2121, respectively. This platen is of the usual form as employed intelautograph or writing telegraph-ma chines, and is hinged at its rearedge in the usual or any well-known or convenient manner, and rests atits front edge upon the inner end of a lever 24, pivotally mountedinterwhich when the lever is rocked, as will presently be apparent, hasa limited vertical movement. For the sake of clear illustration of thisfeature of my invention, however, I have shown said head arrangedhorizontally toopcrate in a horizontal plane, and therefore said head isshown as broken off from the end of lever 24, it being understood thatin use said head moves vertically or at right angles to the plane ofmovement thereof, as indicated in this figure of the drawings. Arrangedin proximity to the magnetic head 2 1 of lever 24 and in cooperativerelation with respect thereto is a magnetic pallet 25, similar inprinciple,

function, and mode of operation to the pallets 8 and 19 above describedwith reference to The pallet 25 is provided with a rigid lever or arm26, having its outer or free end arranged and adapted to play or vibratebetween the adjustable limiting-contacts 28 29. The pallet 25 alsocarries an insulated spring-lever 27, having the free end thereofarranged to play or vibrate betWeen-theadjustable limiting-contacts 3031. A permanent magnet Z has the two poles thereof so relativelyarranged with respect to the magnetic head 24: and the magnetic pallet25 that said head and pallet are magnetically affected by poles ofopposite polarity. From this description it will be readily understoodthat when the operator places the style or pen 11 upon the paper carriedby the transmitter-platen in order to inscribe a message or characterthe spring by which the lever 24 is supported is overcome, therebycausing limb thereof decreasing, thereby rocking said pallet, and hencemoving the rigid lever 26 into contact with its limitingrcontact stop29,

and also moving the spring-lever 27 into contact with its limiting-stop30. Similarly when pressure by the operator upon the platen through thestyle or pen 11 is removed the spring supporting-lever 24 causes saidlever to rock to its opposite limit, thereby reversing the aboveoperation and causing the levers 26 and 27 to respectively contact withtheir limiting-contact stops 28 31.

In mybefore-mentioned patents,Nos.5S7,013 and 585,319, I show anddescribe a construction, arrangement, and mode of operation of1naster-switch through which the shifting of the paper is controlled atboth ends of the line and for locking such switch in receiving positionand for releasing and moving such switch to the transmitting position.In the present instance I retain substantially the same features ofarrangement, except that I construct the switch of a single movableblock carrying the contact-pieces, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, insteadof two separate blocks, as in my prior constructions; but I still adherein the present case to substantially the same locking and releasingarrangement of my prior constructions with such obvious changes ormodifications as would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art toadapt such devices to the single-block switch.

The paper-shifter for effecting the proper movements of the paper isindicated somewhat diagrammatically at q, Fig. 4, and more in detail ofconstruction and arrangement at Q, Fig. 5, and consists, essentially, ofa frame "It, suitably pivoted at c c. Suitably journaled in this frameis a roller Z, arranged to extend across the full width of the paper andhaving its journals arranged to project beyond the frame at both endsthereof, as clearly shown. Upon one of such projecting journalsnamely,the one arranged at the righthand end of such roller, as viewed in Fig.5 is mounted a circular disk 64, which I shall designate theshifter-commutator. This commutator, together with the contact brushesor springs 63 63', regulates the distance through which the paper isadvanced in a manner presently to be more fully eX- plained. Upon theother or left-hand end or journal of roller Z is mounted a disk 68,similar to disk 64:. The function of this commutator is to control thebattery connections of the magnets of the escapements E E and also tocontrol the battery connections of the magnets of the reversingmechanisms R R at the proper time for unifying the relative positions ofthe receiving and transmitting pens, and I therefore designate thiscommutator as the unison commutator. As above stated, this commutator isinsulated from roller Z, and a collector-brush or contact-spring 7 0 isarranged in continuous contact therewith, and a second collector-brushor contact-spring 69 is arranged to bear alternately upon aninsulation-segment or a conducting-segment, of which said commutator iscomposed, according as it is desired to break or close the batteryconnections re ferred to. The paper is held to the roller Z by means offlat springs 32 33 3 f 35, between which springs and the under surfaceof such roller the paper is held and advanced at the proper time. Insuitable supports immediately beneath the roller Z and arranged paralleltherewith is journaled a shaft 120, upon which at points adjacent to therespective ends of the rollerZare mounted suitable paper-feed rollers j70. These rollers j are provided with broad peripheral faces, which areroughenedor corrugated after the manner of theordinary paper-feedingrolls of embossing telegraph-registers. The shaft upon which saidfeed-rolls j 70 are mounted is rotated by motor M through suitablegearing as, for instance, through constantly-intermeshing gears 2',respectively mounted on the shaft m of the motor and the shaft carryingsaid feed-rolls j 70. From this construction and arrangement it will beseen that the feedrolls j 70 are rotated coincidently with the actuationof motor l\'[ and that when such motor is actuated all that is requiredin order to effect the feeding of the paper forward is to depress theframe in which the roller Z is mounted and to which the paper is held bythe springs 32 33 34: 35 until the paper is pressed firmly against theperipheries of rolls j 70, the direction of rotation of such rolls beingpredetermined. The roller Z, carrying the paper, is normally held asufficient distance above the rotating rolls j 7a to prevent the paperfrom touching said rolls. This may be accomplished in any suitablemanner, as by means of a suitable spring (not shown) suitably attachedto an arm projecting downwardly from the frame it and which carries theelectromagnet-armature o. The coils O O, of which the part 0, attachedto the frame at, is the armature, are so placed relative to saidarmature that when energized by the passage of a current thereth roughsaid armature is attracted by a force sufficient to overcome the tensionof the retracting-spring, thereby rocking frame 7?, in a direction topress the roller Z, or, rather, the sheet of paper carried thereby, downupon feed-rollsj 76.

It will be remembered that in a combined transmitter and receiver butone papershifter is used, and therefore the foregoing descriptionapplies as well to the shifting mechanism of the receiver as for that ofthe transmitter, for the sake of clearness of description andillustration the transmitting and receiving arrangements being indicatedin different views of the drawings.

The pen-arms '74 of the receiving instrument, and which arms arearranged similarly to the transmitting-pen arms 10 10, above described,and which carry at their junction the receiving pen or style 36, aresupported upon the pen-rest P when it is desired to move the receivingpen or style over the paper without marking. This pen-rest is actuatedin a vertical plane by means of an electromagnetic combinationconsisting of an armature r, pivoted centrally above the polarprojections of electromagnets s s. A permanent magnet t IIO is arrangedto present its upper end in close proximity to the central upper surfaceof armature 1", while the lower end of said magnet is attached to theheel-iron or yoke by which the magnets s s are united and supported.

The escapements E E may be of the same general form and arrangement ashave heretofore been commonly employed in this art for the same purpose.The construction and arrangement are identical on both sides of theinstrument, and therefore I will only briefly refer to the constructionand arrangement of escapement E, the same description applying also tothe construction and arrangement of escapement E. This escapementconsists of a toothed wheel and anchor, the engaging portions of whichpermit of rotation in reverse direction in the usual manner. The anchoris mounted in the end of a lever g, which carries or is supplied onopposite sides thereof or inany suitable or convenient location with twolight armatures h, respectively arranged in front of and in cooperativerelation with respect to the poles of electromagnets e f.

This arm 9 is moved to and fro between its armature-leverb b of suchmagnets responds readily to changes in the direction of current throughthe magnet-windings-t-hat is, I employ in this regard polarized relays,the armature-levers b I) being alternately rocked into contact with thelimiting contacts 6 b according to the direction of the flow of current,Many different arrangements may be devised to secure the desired andproper reversals of the direction of flow of the impulses of currentthrough windings of the magnets of the polarized relays B B, whereby thearmaturelevers b b are caused to oscillate or vibrate in a suitablemanner toward and from the respective limiting-contact stops 6 b inorder to control the circuits of the magnets which regulate theexcursions of the escapementlever as will appear more fully hereinafterin the description of the electrical action and function'of theapparatus. In Fig. 5 I have shown at O 0 suitable condensers or Leydenjars of the type commonly used in telegraphwork and suitably arranged inthe circuit of the windings of the polarized relays B B as one form ofmeans adapted to the purpose of suitably reversing the flow of theimpulses of current through the windings of the polarized relays B B, asabove mentioned. This same object may be accomplished in many otherways. For instance, as indicated in Fig. 7, I may employ in lieu of theLeyden jar O a common Faradic or induction coil A This coil occupies thesame relation in this modified arrangement as the relays A A in theabove described arrangement--that is, the primary windings of suchinduction-coil are included in circuit with the line-wires, thesecondary windings being included in circuit with the windings ofpolarized relays B B. From this it will be seen that when a current isflowing through the line-wire and is interrupted or its strength changedinduced currents are temporarily produced in the secondary, which flowthrough windings of relays B B in reverse directions, according as theprimary current is increased or decreased in strength. I have found thisform of embodiment of my invention efficient for the purposes desired;but I prefer the condenser arrangement above described because of theinfluence exerted by said condenser upon the relay D.

The pen-arms 74 of the receiver are actuated from the shaft of theescapementwheel 9', and a rotative tension is imparted to said shaftthrough a belt or other suitable connections (indicated by dotted linesat g Fig. 5) from the shaft of friction disks 01' wheels L L, presentlyto be more fully described. The direction of the rotative tensionimparted through said belt or other connection g to the shaft of theescapementwheel g is controlled electrically through the reversingmechanism RR, presently to be described, by means of relaysA A, andwhich by reason of their function I designate the reversing-relays.These relays comprise ordinary neutral or Morse relays, depending uponthe strength of current flowing through the windings of the magnetsthereof independent of polarity for the performance of their properfunction.

The reversing mechanism R R, by which the direction of application ofthe rotative tension imparted to the shaft of escapementwheel g iscontrolled,is substantially the same in the essential features thereofas that set forth in my Patent No. 587,013 for the same purpose, andtherefore in the present application it is necessary to give only abrief description of the construction and arrangement thereof in orderto impart a full understanding herein of the operations of suchmechanism in conjunction and cooperation with the other parts of theapparatus. The frictiondisks L L are carried in the free ends ofsupplemental lovers g g, which are secured to, but insulated from, thepivotal armature-levers g g, respectively, of the electromagnets g 9 sothat said friction-disks may vibrate between the disks 57 58 57' 58,mounted on the shafts v 12 The disks L L are normally held pressedagainst the disks 58 58, respec tively, by means of the retractilesprings '0 12 which springs normally hold both the supplemental lovers 9g and also the armature= levers g g away from the electromagnets g 9respectively, and the disks L L with sufficient force against the disks58 58 to prevent rotation of said disks 58 58, except when permitted tobe moved by the release of the escapement-wheels g, when the anchors gare actuated, and similarly the levers g g or g g are not moved underthe attractive force of the electromagnets g g until the coils of saidmagnets are energized by a current of sufficient strength to cause theretractiles o o to be overcome, thereby effecting a movement of thedisksL L against the disks 57 57 with sufficient force to prevent therotation of said disks 57 57, except when permitted by the actuationofthe escapement-anchors g. It will be understood that the gearingconnecting the disk L with the shaft of escapement-wheel g on one sideof the apparatus is substantially the same as that on the other. Arotative tension is imparted to shafts U12 upon which disks 57 58 57 58are mounted, through the gearing G, which has been called in this artthe equalizing-gear, and this rotative tension reaches theescapement-wheels g through the connections above explained. Theequalizing-gears G are actuated by suitable gearing from the'shaft ofthe motor M, and a torsion-spring u, o connects the equalizing-gear G toshafts v 1 respectively, in the usual manner.

In practice I prefer to pivotally connect the supplemental levers g g atpoints intermediate but adjacent to one of the ends thereof, to the freeends of arm ature-levers g g thus leaving the ends of said supplementallevers g g' disconnected and free. Retractile springs o o are arrangedto act upon said supplemental levers g g at points midway the ends ofsaid supplemental levers, said springs normally acting in a direction topress disks L L, respectively, against disks 58 58 when magnets g g aredeenergized and in a direction to press said disks L L, respectively,against disks 57 57 when said magnets are energized to attract thearmature-levers.

In order to reduce the magnetism of the cores of the magnets g g to apoint such that the attractive force exerted thereby upon thearmature-levers and supplemental levers will just retain thearmature-lever in proper position and permit the instant movement ofsaid levers under the influence of the retractingsprings No when suchattraction of the magnet ceases, as by a complete cessation of the flowof current through the magnet-windings, I introduce in series with thecircuit of said magnet-windings a resistance T an instant before thearmature-levers strike the magn etcores by the separation of sucharmature-levers from their respective supplemental levers, whichseparation is caused by the rocking of the supplemental levers abouttheir point of'pivotal connection with the armature-levers.

The amount of torsion imparted to the springs u o is regulatedelectrically through the spring balanced contact making and breakinglever, which controls the circuit of motor M in the usual mannerof theprior art. or to bridge over the gap formed therein.

In order to prevent excessive winding of the springs u 0) during theoperation of the paper-shifting apparatus, I provide a pin and toothcarrier coupling between the motorshaft on and the shaft of theworm-gear of equalizing-gear G, whereby an endwise movement of either ofsaid shafts effects a disengagement of such coupling. Such endwisemovement of the motor-shaft may be conveniently accomplished by suitablyconnecting the armature o of the magnets O O to the motor-shaft, as at121, Fig. 8, whereby the shaft and armature of motor M may be moved bythe pull of the magnets O 0 upon said armature 0 when the coils of saidmagnets are sufficiently energized, whereby the rotation I of such motormay continue without driving the worm-shaft of gear G.

Reference sign D designates a suitable relay for controlling thecircuits of the papershifting mechanism Q. The armature d of this relayis normally held away from the pole of such relay by a very slightspring d, the tension of which may be readily overcome, and saidarmature d plays between the limiting contact-stops 6O 61. The coils ofthe electromagnet- D and of the pen-rest magnets s s are arranged inparallel series with the two line-wires coming from the distant station.Said line-wires X X ,afterdropping branches through the coils of theescapement-magnets B B to the condensers C G and thence throughconnection a; to ground, pass through the coils of relays A A and unitein a common wire as x, which is connected through the wires 00 00 to thecoils, respectively, of magnets s s and of magnet D, said connections 00x finally uniting and being connected to earth, as at E throughconnection 00 The magnets s s of the penrest apparatus are soconstructed as to have considerable self-induction, while therelaymagnet D is so constructed as to have as small a self-induction asis possible. From this arrangement it will be seen that the magnets 8 sand D are respectively acted upon alike by currents arriving from thedistant station over either of the line-wires reaching their respectivewindings. It will also be seen that the armature d will be attracted bythe weakest current arriving from the distant station over either of theline-wires X X. It will also be seen that when a complete reversal indirection of flow of the arriving current, which would ordinarily causea gap of neutrality in the cores of relay D sufficient to permit thearmature cl of such relay to be moved against its limiting back-stop 61,under the influence of the weak retractile 01', does not permit the saidarmature d to fall away from the core of such magnet D, by reason of thecounter electromotive force set up by the self-induction of magnets s stoward such relay D, and which counter electromotive force is sufficientto instantly destroy such neutrality in the core of relay D,

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whenever the direction of current is reversed, the magnets s 3 being soconstructed and arranged that the self-induction thereof sets up asufficient counter electromotive force to overcome the retractile d, andhence prevent the armature d from falling or moving away from the coreof magnet D during such reversal in the direction of iiow of the currentsufficient for such armature to contact with its back limiting-stop 61,said armature being permitted a movement to contact with such back-stoponly when there is an entire cessation of flow of current through theline wires.

I will now describe the conjoint operation of the several mechanismsabove referred to, and as the action of the two halves of the apparatusconnected, respectively, by the linewires X X are essentially identicalI will confine my description to the action of the parts on theleft-hand side, except where the conjoint action and operation of theparts of the apparatus on both sides is necessary to the attainment ofthe desired results and functions.

In the drawings, Fig. 4, the master-switch S is shown in the properposition for transmitting a message. A battery F, consisting of asuitable or desirable number of elements for the purposes required ofit, supplies the current for throwing into action the several parts. Thepositive pole of the battery F is connected through wire 37 tocontact-spring 38, switch-block S, wire 39, lever 26, contactlimiter 29,wire 40, and wit-l1 lever 8 contacting with limiting-stop 12 and lever19 contacting with limitingstop 17 the current passes from wire 40through a resistance I, which in practice should contain a suitableohmic resistance-say, for illustrating purposes, eight hundred ohmstowire 45,thence to switch-block S, contact-spring 46, and to line-wire X.Now, supposing the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5 is thereceivinginstrument of a distant station, I will proceed to trace thecurrent, which, according to the above explanation, arrives from thetransmitting-battery through the various circuits above mention ed andthe line-wire X. At the receiving-station, Fig. 5, the current entersthrough line-wire X, passes through Wire a the coils of the relay-magnetA, wire 00, connections x and x and the coils of'magnets s s, andrelay-magnet D, in parallel, and connection m to earth at E Referringback to the apparatus and arrangement at the sending-station, asindicated in Fig. 4, it will be seen that the current from battery F,after traversing the path described to the lever 26 and stop 29, passesthence to wire 40. At the point I) the current divides, part passing onthrough the resistance I, and thence, on as above pointed out, the otherpart tracing a similar circuit on the right-hand side, thence.

through connection 40 to line-wire X. This portion of thebattery-current enters the re ceiving instrument at the distant station,as

indicated in Fig. 5, through line-wire X and traverses a path on theright-hand side of the apparatus similar to that above described withrespect to the left-hand side of the apparatus, finally finding earth atE From this it will be seen that current from both linewires X Xsimultaneously enters the coils of magnets s s and of relay-magnet D andwhich is sufficiently strong to cause the armature d of relay-magnet Dto be attracted by said magnet,thereby breaking circuit between saidarmature and the limiting-contact 61 and establishing circuit betweensaid armature and the limiting-contact 60. These arriving currents justreferred to are also of sufficient strength to sufficiently energize themagnets s s to cause the pen'rest P to be elevated, so that the pen 36cannot mark upon the paper. This arrangement of circuits is advantageousfor the reason that it secures the positive operation of the pen-restmagnets s 8 through the combining of the weak currents, either of whichalone is insufficient.

The local action in the receiver, due to the closing of the circuitbetween armature dand limiting-contact 60, effects a completion ofpressing the paper, which is held to roller 1 by springs 32 33 34 35,tightly down upon the peripheries of the feed-rollers jh. At the sametime the rotation of the armature of motor M thus insured causes thegearing 1} to effect a rotation of the shaft upon which thefeed-rollersj are mounted, and hence the paper is advanced and roller Z is revolved,and with it commutator 64 is also revolved a sufficient distance for thespring-brush 63 to be removed from a conducting-segment and to rest uponan insulation segment of said commutator, thereby breaking theabove-described local-battery circuit after the paper has been advanceda predetermined step, dependent upon the relative size and arrangementof the segments of commutator 64. The

breaking of this circuit, as above indicated,

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causes the armature 0 to be relieved of the of frame a also elevatesroller Z and springs 32 33 3st 35, carrying between them the paper,which is thereby carried out of contact with the feed-rolls j k, whichthereafter may or may not rotate so far as this particular cycle ofoperation is concerned. If at the beginning of the operation abovedescribed the governing-lever 55 is in contact with the limiting-stop56, then a motor-circuit will be established as follows: from the localbattery H, through wire 59, lever 55, contact 56, wire 54, resistance53, the motor-windings, and thence back to battery I-I through wire 67.Hence the rotation of the shaft upon which are mounted the paper-feedrolls j may continue after the paper-carrier is elevated out of contacttherewith. The motor continues to revolve, thereby adding torsion to thesprings '11, 11, until finally the increasing pressure of the worm-shaftof gear G upon said lever 55 overcomes the spring 55, by which saidlever is normally held in contact with the limiting-stop 56, therebybreaking the motor-circuit through this lever and contact. Theattraction of the armature 0 by the electromagnets O O, as abovedescribed, effects a longitudinal movement of the motor armature andshaft, and hence a breaking of the coupling P by which the motor-shaftis coupled to the worm-shaft of gear G, thereby arresting the additionof torsional tension to springs it 'v by arresting the rotation of suchworm-shaft. Hence in either case an undue winding of springs u o isprovided against. In order that the battery-current may not beshort-circuited through the lever 55 and the motor-windings back to thebattery when said lever 55 is in contact with limiting-stop 56, therebypreventing the energizing of magnets O 0 from performing their properfunctions whenever it may be desired to effect a shifting or advancementof the paper with said lever 55, contacting with said stop 56, Iinterpose in the said lever-circuit a sufficient resistance 53 to insurethe flow of current through the windings of magnets O 0 whenever thecircuits of said magnet-windings are closed.

The movement of the paper-shifter above described constitutes what isknown as a half-shift-that is, the paper is advanced therebyapproximately only one half the space of a line of writing, and theshifting mechanism remains in this position during the succeedingoperation of recording the transmitted message by the receiving-pen vand until the operator at the distant station desires to again advancethe paper, as will presently be explained. When the papershifting roll Zbegan its rotation to advance the paper the half-step above explained,the brush 63 of commutator 64 rested upon a conducting-segment of suchcommutator, while the spring 69 of the commutator 68 at the opposite endof the roller Z rested upon a non-conducting or insulation segment ofsuch commutator 68; but at the completion of the half-shift rotation ofroller Z above noted the reverse of these conditions exists and thelocal-battery circuit is broken between the spring 63 and its commutator64; but current from local battery H finds a path from such batterythrough wire 59, wire 59, spring-contact 70, commutator 68, brush 69,wire 69 to point e of wire 71, where the current divides, the current onthe left-hand side of the apparatus passing through the coils of magnete of the escapement E, wire 6 escape-re1ay1contact stop Z1 armature b,wire 78 to battery H. The other part of the current passes through wire71 to the apparatus on the right-hand side of the instrument through thecoils of escapement-magnet f, connection f escapement-relay-limitingstop b armature b, and returning to battery I-I through wire 78. Thearmature-levers a a of the magnets of relays A A are also in electricalconnection with wires 71 through wires f f but under the conditionsabove named said levers are in contact with their back-stops a a, thelinecurrent entering the apparatus at the receiving-station at thisstage of the operation over the line-Wires X X, and which, as abovepointed out, flows through the coils ofreversing-relaysAA,beingofastrengthinsufficient to effect an attractionof said armature-levers, so as to move the same into contact with thelimiting stops a a and hence under the conditions above named no currentflows through the wires f f With the parts in the position abovedescribed I now return to the transmitter.

The operator at the transmitting-station begins to move thetransmitting-pen 11 outwardly, thereby lengthening the distance betweenpen 11 and the interrupter W. This movement effects a rotation of thepen-drum 2 and shaft 1, thereby rocking lever 19 through the frictionalengagement of said lever with said shaft, said lever being rockedagainst its limiting-stop 14. The lever 19 responds to the rockingmotion imparted to said lever 19 through the magnetic attraction exertedby said lever 19 upon the magnetic pallet 12, whereby the lever 19 1srocked into contact with the limiting-stop 18. This contact establishesa new condition of line-current, as follows: The current from batteryFflows to wire 40, as before explained, thence instead of passing throughthe high resistance I, as above explained, it finds a short path throughWire 47, lever 8, limiting-contact 12, Wire 48, limiting-contact 18,lever 10 wire 45, switchblock S, spring 46, and line-wire X. Thus byshunting around the high resistance I it will be understood that acurrent of greatly-increased strength is sent over the line-wire. Thiscurrent of increased strength arriving at the distant receiving-stationdivides at the point z, a part passing on through the coils of theescapement-relay B and to the condenser O, while the other part passesthrough the coils of relay A and finally finds ground at E, as beforedescribed. The increased strength of the current flowing through thewindings of relay A effects such an energization of said magnet as tocause the magnetic attraction exerted thereby upon the armature-lever Ctto overcome its retractile and move said armature-lever into contactwith its limiting-stop (L This operation closes the circuit of the localreceiving-station battery II, as follows: from the positive pole of saidbattery through wire 59, wire 59, spring 70, commutator 68, brush 69,Wire 69, wire7l, there dividing, a part passing through the coils ofescapement-magnet e and returning to battery H through wire 78, as aboveexplained. through wire f armature-lever a, limitingcontact stop C67,wire 73, wire 91, lever g lever g the coils of reversing-magnet 9 wire 72', and thence to the battery. The energizing of the coils of magnet geffects a movement of lever g 9 against the action of the spring vthereby pressing the disk L into engagement with disk 57, and hencethrough the gearing g imparting a rotative tension to the shaft ofescapement g in a direction to rotate said shaft so as to move thereceiving-pen arm 74, actuated thereby, and the pen 36, carried by saidarm, an extent and in a direction corresponding to the movementoriginally imparted to the transmitting-pen arm 10 and pen 11.Simultaneously with the above operation the escapement-relay B isactuated in the following manner: The increased potential of thearriving current due to the removal from the circuit traversed therebyof the resistance Isay of eight hundred ohmscauses a temporary dividingof the current at the point z upon entering the receiving instrument, aportion passing on through the coils of relay A and on to ground at E,as above explained, and another portion passing through wire b the coilsof escapement-relay B, and into the leaves of the condenser O. Thisenergization of the escapement-relay magnets B, which, as aboveexplained, are polarized relays, effects a rocking of the armature-leverI) out of contact with the limiting-stop b and into contact withlimiting-stop b thereby breaking the circuit through the coils of magnete in the local-battery circuit and at the same time completing thelocal-battery circuit as above traced from wire 71 through the coils ofescapement-magnet f, wire 6 contact-stop b armature-lever b, and tobattery I-I through wire 7 8. The breaking of the circuit through thecoils of magnet e deenergizes said magnet, and the completing of thecircuit through the coils of magnet f energizes said magnet. Thereforethe anchor-lever g is relieved of attraction toward the core of magnet eand is attracted by the core of magnet f. At this instant thefriction-disk L is traversing the space between its driving-disks 58 57and toward said disk 57, and hence the escapement 9 is relieved of arotative tension, and hence does not rotate when released by themovement of the anchor above explained. Accordingly the anchor entersthe opposite side of the escapement wheel before the wheel L hascompletely reestablished a rotative tension upon the saidescapement-wheel,

and any movement of the escapement-wheel Another part flows from wire 71I when such rotative tension is reestablished is limited to the slack orlost motion between the parts, which is inappreciable. The operator atthe transmitting-station continues to move the pen-arm 10 and pen 11outwardly, thereby continuing the rotation of shaft 1 of the pen-drum 2,and hence also of magnetic toothed wheel w. The continued rotation ofthis toothed wheel efiects a rocking of pallet 8 through the magneticattraction exerted thereon by the teeth of such wheel, which are inproximity to said pallet,thereby rockingthe lever 8' out of contact withthe limiting-stop l2 and into contact with the stop 13 This movementbreaks the circuit through wire 47, lever 8, and stop 12, as aboveexplained, and which circuit contained no resistance, and hence theline-circuit from the local battery of the transmitting-station iscaused to flow again through the resistance I'of, say, eight hundredohms. At the same time an additional resistance K of, say, two hundredohms is introduced in parallel with the re-, sistance I (eight hundredohms) by the current flowing from battery F to wire 40 through theabove-described circuit, dividing at the point 78, a part passingthrough resistance I to wire 45, and thence to line-Wire X, as beforedescribed,while the other part passes through wire k resistance K, (twohundred ohms,) stop 12,wire 48, stop 18, lever p and wire 45 to linewireX. By a well-known electrical law the arranging of the resistances I(eight hundred ohms) and K (two hundred ohms) in parallel in the samecircuit effects an introduction of a resulting resistance of, say, onehundred and sixty ohms in the circuit of the line-current, and sincethis circuit in the immediately preceding step in the operation, asabove explained, included no resistance the result is a fall ofpotential of the current arriving at the distant receiving-station. Theonly effect of the fall of potential in the arriving current observed atthe receiving-station is in the action of the escapement E, the fallbeing sufficient to cause-a temporary fiow of current through the coilsof this relay from the condenser 0, thereby imparting an opposite polarity to said magnets B, and hence rocking the armature b to againcontact with stop b and out of contact with stop I). This action causesmagnet f of the escapementE to be deenergized and magnet e to be againenergized, thereby rocking the anchor 9. At this point the ratchet g isunder a rotative tension', and hence the movement just described ofanchor 9 permits said ratchet to rotate onehalf a step or tooth. Thecontinued movement by the operator at the transmitting-station ofpen-arm 10 and pen 11 effects a continned rotation of toothed wheel w,the magnetic action of the teeth of which upon pallet Srestores thelever 8 to position contacting with stop 12, and hence therebyreestablishing through the wire 47 lever 8, stop 12, wire 48, and on, asabove explained, the path of no resistance for the line-current, therebyin creasing the potential of the current arriving at thereceiving-station and again causing a flow of line-current through thewindings of polarized relays B, and a consequent vibration of thearmature-lever I), back again into contact with stop 12 and out ofcontact with 12 and hence again breaking the local circuitof magnet eand completing the local circuit of magnet-f, thus again rocking anchorg, and a consequent rotation of escapement-wheel g another half step ortooth. The continued movement of the transmitting-pen arm 10 and pen 11thus effects a vibration of lever 8, and hence alternately a rise andfall in the potential of the line-current by cutting out and in theresistances I K in parallel, and hence securing a reversal of directionof impulse of current through the polarized relay B, thereby effectingaproper actuation of the anchor g to cause the escapement to perform itsfunction of duplicating in the receiver arm and pen the advancingmovement of the transmitting arm and pen. This action continues withoutother derangement of apparatus or circuits, except as above noted, untilthe movement of the transmitting-pen arm in the direction noted ceasesand a reverse movement-that is, a shortening of the distance between thepen 11 and the interrupter WV occurs. This movement of pen-arm 10 causesthe pen-drum 2 and shaft 1 to revolve in a direction opposite to thatabove described, thereby causing the frictionally-engaged lever 19 to berocked into engagement with its limiting-stop 15, where it is heldduring the continued rotation of shaft 1 in the same direction, the saidshaft being permitted a continued rotation in the direction indicated byovercoming the resistance of the frictional engagement of lever 19therewith. This movement of lever 19 through the magnetic attractionexerted by said lever on pallet 9 causes leverp to rock againstlimiting-stop 17. Now with lever 8 contacting with limiting-stop 13 theline-current condition is as follows: Current from the battery F passesto wire 40, as before explained. Thence it divides, a portion passingthrough resistance I (eight hundred ohms) to wire 45, and thence toline-wire X, and the other portion passes through wire 47, lever 8, stop13, wire 49, resistance J say of eight hundred ohms-to stop 17, lever 197 wire 45, and thence to line-wire X, as before explained. According tothe electrical law before mentioned the interposition of the tworesistances I J, each of, say, eight hundred ohms, in parallel in theline-circuit results in the introduction of a resulting resistance of,say, about four hundred ohms in the line-circuit, which under theprecedingly-described condition contained a resistance of only onehundred and sixty ohms. The fall of potential of the line-currentresulting from the increased resistance from one hundred and sixty tofour hundred ohms through which such line-current is compelled to flowcauses the energization of reversing-relay A to fall effect it.

be moved from engagement with disk 57 and to be again pressed againstthe friction-disk 58, whereby a rotative tension in the oppositedirection to that above described is imparted to ratchet g through 9which rotative tension is exerted in a direction to remove thereceiving-pen arm 74 and pen 36 in a direction to shorten the distancebetween the escapement E and the pen 36 and corresponding to the similarmovement of the transmitting-pen arm 10 and pen 11. The fall in thepotential of the line-current last above noted causes a furtherdischarge of current through the coils of relay 13 to take place fromthe condenser C but as the last above-described position ofarmature-lever b was due to a discharging impulse of current from thecondenser O of course a further discharge from the condenser produces noeffect upon the polarized relay B, and hence the escapementanchor g isnot disturbed from the position occupied thereby, as determined by thelast position of the armature-lever b. A continued movement by thetransmitting-operator of the pen 11 toward the interrupter W causes thelever 8 to break contact with stop 13 and to make contact with stop 12,the lever 19 remaining in contact with stop 17. The effect of thismovement of lever 8 is to break the parallel circuit, includingresistance J, the shunt-circuit of no resistance being maintained openby lever 19 being out of contact with stop 18, and hence theline-current condition is the same as at the beginning of theoperationnamely, the said line-circuit includes the resistance I ofeight hundred ohms. The result of this increase in resistance in theline-circuit from four hundred ohms to eight hundred ohms is a fall inpotential of the linecurrent. Since, however, the armature-lever a ofreversing-relay A has already been withdrawn by its retractile when thefall in potential of the line-current occurred by the introductiontherein of the four hundred ohms resistance above noted, of course noeffect is observed in said reversing-relay by a further fall ofpotential of the line-current due to increasing the resistance thereinfrom fourhundred ohms to eight hundred ohms. For the same reasons noeffect is produced in the polarized relay B, as only a further dischargefrom the condenser takes place; but this does not have any effect, forthe reason that the position of armature b is that in which it was leftby a discharge from the condenser, and of course a further dischargedoes not From this it will be seen that the half step or tooth rotationof the escapementwheel 9' which should have resulted from the movementof lever 8 from stop 13 to 12 is lost. However, the conditions are suchthat a half step or tooth rotation of such escapementwheel g is alsolost when a reversal of the movement of progression of the pen-arm 10occurs with lever 8 contacting with stop 12, as above described, and asthe reversals in the direction of movement of progression of thetransmitting-pen arms occur indifferently whether said lever 8 contactswith stop 12 or stop 13 the errors by loss of half-steps of rotation ofthe escapement-wheels g occur about equally in both directions, and theresult upon the reproduced message is therefore practically neutralized.This result will be more readily comprehended when it is remembered thatthe distance through which the pen-arm moves by one half step or toothrotation of the escapement-wheel is in practice and in the size ofapparatus employed by me only about one one-hundredth of an inch. Thecontinued movement of progression of the transmitting-pen effects anincrease of potential of the line-current by reducing the resistance, asabove explained, thereby effecting an actuation of the relay Bin theopposite direction, and so on. The movements of the pen 36 in twodirections and the function and mode of operation of the severalmechanisms whereby such results are accom-. plished by the correspondingmovements of the transmitting-pen arm 10 having now been explained, Iwill proceed to describe the mode of operation by which the pen 36 atthe receiving-station is lowered upon or raised from the paper to effecta recording of the transmitted message. The foregoing descriptionassumes that the pen is resting on the paper. Now suppose the operatorat the transmittingstation raises the pen 11 from the paper, therebyrelieving the downward pressure thereon, allowing the platen to riseunder the influence of the spring acting on arm 24, and thereby allowingthe magnetic head 24C to move downwardly or to the reverse positionthereof from that shown in Fig. 4 and occupied by said lever and headduring the movements and operations above described. The movement ofmagnetic head 24E will effect a movement of pallet 25 in a direction tocause lever 26 to break contact with stop 29 and to make contact withstop 28 and to cause spring-lever 27 to break contact with stop 30 andto make contact with stop 31. The circuit of the battery F willthereupon be made from the positive pole thereof, through wire 37,spring 38, block S, wire 39, lever 26, stop 28, wire 44-, and wire 44,to ground at E From the other pole of battery F the circuit leadsthrough wire 41, spring 42, wire 13, spring-lever 27, stop 31, and wireto the line-wires X X, as before explained, finally reaching ground at Eat the receiving-station, thereby actuating the pen-rest magnets s s inthe proper direction to raise the rest P to allow the receiving-pen 36to be raised from the paper at the receivingstation. Having completed aline of writplace and the construction and arrangement I whereby ,suchoperation is accomplished are fully set forth and described in my patentabove mentioned and will therefore be referred to herein only brieflyand in order that an understanding may be had of the com pleteapparatus. The downward pressure on the space-button or push-rod Seffects a shifting of the switch-block S in such a manner as to causethe contact-springs 38 12 to rest upon insulation or blank spaces,thereby disconnecting the battery F from the line-circuit. Responding tothis cessation of current in the line-wires X X, the armature d ofrelayD falls away from its magnet, thereby breaking contact between saidarmature and stop 60, making contact between said armature and stop61,whereupon the following local action takes place in the distantreceiver: The current passes from the local receiving-station battery Hthrough wire 59, lever d, stop 61, wire 61, brush 63, which under theconditions above explained has been left by the last movement ofpaper-roller Z upon a conducting-segment of commutator 64. Therefore thecurrent passes from said brush 6 3 to commutator 64, frame n, the coilsof mag nets 0 0, wire 66, the windings of motor M, g

lines of the writing causes the spring-brush 63 to leave theconducting-segment of the commutator 6i and to rest upon aninsulation-segment, with brush 63 contacting with a conducting-segmentof such commutator. The parts being now in the relative positionsoccupied at the beginning of the operations first above described, thebreak in the localbattery circuit caused by the brush 63 leaving aconducting segment of commutator 64 relieves the armature o of themagnetic attraction exerted thereon by magnets O O and permits the framen to return to its normal position, carrying the paper out of contactwith the feed-rolls j 70. The same rotation of roller Z just described,and which caused the conducting-segment of commutator 64 to leave brush63, also causes the conductor-segment of commutator 68, upon which brush69 has been resting since the initial rotation of said shaft first abovedescribed, to leave said brush 60 and bring an insulating-segment 1under said brush.

The connection of the escapement-magnets e f with the local battery H isthereby broken, and as the reversing mechanism R R are already at rest,as above mentioned, with the disks L L in position to drive pen 36 tothe left-hand side of the instrument, the pen 3G is moved quickly to theupper left-hand corner of the Writing-field, the anchor g being vibratedfreely through its engagement with escapement-wheel 9, said anchor notbeing attracted by either of magnets e f, the circuits of said magnetsbe ing broken, as above explained. The position to which thereceiving-pen is thus moved With reference to the receivingwriting-field corresponds exactly to the position occupied by thetransmitting-pen 11 when resting on space-key S the movement of thepen-arm 74 being finally arrested by suitably or conveniently arrangedstops or in any desired manner, as is common in the art. These initialrelative positions of the transmitting and receiving pens are called theunison positions, because the said pens occupy ex actly correspondingpositions with reference to their respective Writing-fields.Simultaneously with the depression of the shifting button or rod S bywhich the switch S is actuated to break the line-circuit, a circuit isestablished from the battery F through wire 37, Wire 80, block S,contact-spring 92, Wire 93, brush 94c, commutator 95, wire 84:, thecoils of magnets 85, wire 86, and back to batteryF through wire 41.Arranged in this circuit are suitable devices adapted to be actuated bycurrent flowing through said circuit for advancing the paper at thetransmitting-station. The operator at the transmitting-station finallyremoves the pen 11 from the space-key or push-rod S and a spring (notshown) or other suitable device returns the switch S to its normal orinitial position ready to perform its function upon repeating the cycleof operations above described. This movement of the switch S breaks thelocal transmitting station paper shifting device circuit at the contact92 and also sends current over the line-wires sufficient to causearmature d to be attracted by relay-magnet D at the receiving-stationthereby completing the local-battery circuit at the receiving-stationthrough the paper-shifting mechanism, as before explained, and hencecompleting the shifting of the paper at this station. At the same timeswitch S closes, through contact 81, a local circuit of battery F whichincludes the shifting mechanism of the transmitting-station, therebycompleting the shifting of the paper at the transmitting-station. Theparts are now in position for further communication, and the operationproceeds as above explained.

In the foregoing description I have given the resistances I, J, and Karbitrary values. This has been done for the purpose of clearly it to beunderstood that I do not confine myself to the exact details ofconstruction and arrangement specifically shown and described, as manychanges therein and variations therefrom would readily suggestthemselves to persons skilled in the art and still fall within thespirit and scope of my invention; but

What I do claim as new and useful and of my own invention, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen, aline-circuit and a source of electric current, means for connecting oneof the poles of said source of current to the line-wire, acircuit-changer actuated by the movement of the transmittingpen in theplane of the record-surface for initially varying the resistance in thelinecircuit, thereby initially varying the strength of the current sentto line-wire, an additional circuit-changer actuated by the changes inthe direction-of movement of progression of the transmitting-pen forintroducing in such circuit additional resistance variations, therebyadditionally varying the strength of the current sent to line, meansarranged to be thrown into action by such initial variations in currentstrength for actuating said receiving-pen in the movements ofprogression thereof, and means arranged to be thrown into action by suchadditional variations in current strength for changing the direction ofthe movements of progression of the receiving-pen, as and for thepurpose set forth.

2. In a telautographic system, a primary circuit, a transmitting-pen, atransformer a derived circuit and a receiving-pen, a circuitchangerarranged to be actuated by the movements of the transmitting-pen in theplane of the record-surface for varying the path of the line -currentwithout varying the polarity thereof, each path including a resistancevarying from that in the other path or paths, whereby through suchtransformer currents of alternate direction are produced in the derivedcircuit, and means arranged in said derived circuit and adapted to beactuated by the currents of alternate direction induced therein forcontrolling the movements of the receiving-pen in the plane of itsrecord-surface, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a telautographic system, a line-circuit, a transmitting-pen and areceiving-pen, a circuit-changer arranged to be actuated by themovements of progression of the trans- IIC out varying the polaritythereof, magnets for controlling the direction and extent of themovements of progression of the receivingpen, circuits for said magnets,and a transformer arranged to generate currents of varying polarity fromsaid initial and additional variationsin strength of the line-current of.fixed polarity, said currents of varying polar-,

ity arranged to traverse the circuit of the magnets which control theextent of movement of progression of the receiving-pen, as and for thepurpose set forth.

4. In a telautographic system, a line-circuit, a transmitting-pen, aderived circuit and a receiving-pen, a circuit-changer arranged to beactuated by both the continued movement and also by variations in thedirection of movement of progression of the transmitting-pen in theplane of its recordsurface, and adapted to vary the path of theline-circuit, each path including a different resistance, whereby oneach change of path of the line-circuit the strength of the line-currentisVaried without varying the polarity thereof, a transformer operated bysaid changes in current strength for inducing currents of varyingpolarity in said derived circuit, polarized magnets arranged in saidderived circuit and variably actuated by such currents of varyingpolarity, said magnets arranged to control the extent of the movementsof progression of the receiving-pen in the plane of its record-surface,a pole-changer for the line-current arranged to be actuated by themovements of the transmitting-pen toward and from its record-surface,and a magnet arranged in the line-circuit and actuated by such changesin polarity of the line-current, said magnet adapted to control themovements of the receiving-pen toward and from its record-surface, asand for the purpose set forth.

5. .In a telautographic system, a line-circuit, a transmitting-pen, aderived circuit and a receiving-pen, means for sending to line a currentof fixed polarity, and a pathchanging device arranged to be actuated bythe movements of progression of the transmitting-pen in the plane of itsrecord-surface and adapted to vary the path of the line-current, adifferent resistance being arranged in each path whereby the strength ofthe linecurrent is varied according to the path it traverses withoutvarying the polarity thereof, and a transformer arranged to be actedupon by said currents of varying strength, in

combination with magnets arranged in the derived circuit forcontrollingthe movements of progression of the receiving-pen, said magnets adaptedto be actuated. by the currents of alternate direction induced in saidderived circuit through said transformer by the variations of currentstrength in the line-circuit, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a telautographic system, a line-circuit, a transmitting-pen, aderived circuit and a receiving-pen, a movable switch actuated by themovements of progression of the transmitting-pen for varying the path ofthe line-current without varying the polarity thereof, each pathincluding a different resistance, thereby varying the strength of theline-current, a transformer arranged to be acted upon by the variationsin current strength in the line-circuit and adapted to induce, thereby,currents of varying polarity in the derived circuit, and magnetsarranged in the derived circuit and adapted to be actuated by saidinduced currents of varying polarity for controlling the movements ofprogression of the receiving-pen, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen, aline-circuit connecting the same, and a derived circuit, a movablecontact actuated by changes in direction of the movements of progressionof the transmitting-pen for initially varying the path of the currentsent to line without-varying the polarity thereof, an additional movablecontact arranged to be vibrated by the continued movement of thetransmitting-pen in the same direction for introducing furthervariations in the path of the line-current without varying its polarity,a different resistance arranged in each path whereby the strength of theline-current is varied, actuating devices for the receiving-pen, amagnet arranged in the line-circuit and actuated by such initialvariations in current strength, said magnet adapted to controlthedirection of action of said actuating devices, magnets arranged in saidderived circuit adapted to control the extent of action of saidactuating devices irrespective of the direction in which they operate,and a transformer arranged to be actuated by such additional variationsin current strength for inducing currents in said derived circuit, asand for the purpose set forth.

8. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen, aline-circuit, a path-changing device arranged to be actuated by themovements of progression of the-transnets arranged in said derivedcircuit and actuated by such currents of variable direction forcontrolling the circuits of said actuating devices, as and for thepurpose set forth.

9. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen and aline-circuit, means arranged in the line-circuit and actuated by themovements of the transmittingpen in the plane of its record-surface forvarying the resistance contained in the line-circuit, thereby varyingthe strength of electric pulsations sent to line-Wire Without varyingthe polarity thereof, a derived circuit at the receiving-station,acondenser arranged therein, actuating devices for the receiving-pen,circuits therefor, and magnets arranged in the condenser-circuit andactuated by currents of alternate direction produced therein by thevariations in strength of the line pulsations for controlling thecircuits of said actuating devices of the receiving-pen, as and for thepurpose set forth.

10. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, resistances, means arranged in the line-circuit andactuated by variations in the direction of movements of thetransmittingpen in a plane parallel to the record-surface, for initiallyVarying the resistance included in the line-circuit, thereby varying thestrength Without varying the polarity of electric pulsations sent toline, means also arranged in said line-circuit and actuated by thecontinual movement of the transmitting-pen in the same direction forsuccessively introducing additional resistance variations in thelinecircuit,and means actuated by the movements of the transmitting-penin a direction at right angles to the record-surface for changing thepolarity of the pulsations sent to line, actuating devices for thereceiving-pen, circuits therefor, a magnet arranged in the line-circuitand actuated by the initial changes in current strength and adapted tocontrol said circuits for regulating the direction of actuation of thereceiving-pen-actuating devices, a derived circuit, magnets arrangedtherein and adapted to control said circuits for regulating the extentof actuation of the receivingpen-actuatin g devices, said magnetsactuated by the additional variations in the strength of the linepulsations of fixed polarity,devices for controlling the movements ofthe receiving-pen in a direction substantially at right angles to itsrecord-surface, said devices arranged in the line-circuit and actuatedby the changes in polarity of the line-current, as and for the purposeset forth.

11. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, means actuated by the movements of progression of thetransmitting-pen for varying the resistance included in theline-circuit, thereby varying the strength of electrical pulsations sentto line Without Varying the polarity thereof, a pole-changing devicealso arranged in said line-circuit and actuated by the movements of thetransmitting-pen toward and from its record-surface for varying thepolarity of the current sent to line-Wire, actuating devices forduplicating in the receiving-pen the movements of progression of thetransmitting-pen, circuits therefor, magnets arranged to control saidcircuits, said circuits being in derived relation with respect to theline, a transformer actuated by the variations in current strength inthe line-circuit for inducing currents in said derived circuit, a magnetarranged in the line-circuit and actuated by changes in polarity of theline-current for duplicating in the receivingpen the movements of thetransmitting-pen toward and from its record-surface, as and for thepurpose set forth.

12. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, means actuated by the movements of progression of thetransmitting-pen for sending to line currents of fixed polarity but ofvarying strength, a derived circuit at the receiving-station, atransformer arranged in such derived circuit for transforming thevariations in strength of the line-currents into currents of varyingpolarity,and means arranged in said line-circuit and actuated by suchcurrents of varying polarity for controlling the movements ofprogression of the receivingpen, as and for the purpose set forth.

13. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, means actuated by movements of progression of thetransmitting-pen for varying the resistance in the line-circuit, a localcircuit at the receiving station, electromagnets arranged in such localcircuit and adapted to control the movements of progression of thereceiving-pen, a circuit in derived relation to the line-circuit, apolarized magnet arranged therein and adapted to control the circuits ofsaid electromagnets, and a transformer also arranged in said derivedcircuit, adapted to send currents of alternate direction through saidpolarized magnet by the variations in strength of the line-currents, asand for the purpose set forth.

14. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, a local circuit at the receiving-station, means arrangedin said local circuit for controlling the movements of progression ofthe receiving-pen, a circuit in derived relation with the line-circuit,a polarized relay arranged therein, a condenser also arranged in saidderived circuit, and means actuated by the movements of progression ofthe transmitting-pen for varying the strength of the current sentmitting-pen, a switch also arranged in the line-circuit for cuttinginand out resistances, means for vibrating said last-named switch duringthe entire extent of movement of progression of the transmitting-pen inany direction, and means actuated by the variations in current strengthfor controlling the movements of the receiving-pen, as and for thepurpose set forth. I

17. In atelautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen and aline-circuit, a

magnetic switch arranged in the line-circuit,

means actuated by the movements of progression of the transmitting-penfor actuating said switch, means for retaining saidswitch in theposition to which it is moved until the movement of progression of thetransmitting-pen is reversed in direction, a second switch also arrangedin the line-circuit, and adapted when actuated to vary the resistance ofthe line-circuit, means actuated by the movements of progression of thetransmitting-pen for vibrating said second switch, and means actuated byvariations in strength of the line-current for controlling the movementsof progression of the receiving-pen, as and for the purpose set forth.

18. In a telautographic system, a circuitchanging and resistance-varyingdevice comprising a magnet, a movable series of teeth and a switcharranged within the range of magnetic influence of such magnet, andadapted to be vibrated by the making and breaking of the magneticcircuit by the movement of such teeth in either direction, and a secondswitch arranged Within the range of magnetic influence of such magnetand operating only upon reversals of movements of such teeth, and acircuit jointly -controlled by said switches, as and for the purpose setforth.

19. In a telautographic system, a circuit changing andresistance-varying device comprising magnets, a toothed wheel or diskarranged in magnetic influence of such magnets, a vibratory switcharranged to be actuated magnetically by the teeth of such wheel, anauxiliary switch arranged to be actuated only upon reversals ofmovements of such wheel, and a circuit jointly controlled by saidswitches, as and for the purpose set forth.

20. In a telautographic system, a circuitchanging and resistance-varyingdevice, permanent magnets, a toothed wheel, forming when in properposition a part of the magnetic circuit of such magnets, an electriccircuit-changer adapted to be vibrated magnetically by the movements of.said wheel in either direction, an auxiliary circuit-changer arranged tobe acted upon magnetically by said wheel and to be moved thereby onlyupon change in direction of movement of such wheel, as and for thepurpose set forth, 21. In a telautographic system, a magnet, a wheel ordisk arranged Within the range of influence of such magnet, a switchfrictionally coupled to move with such wheel and adapted to be actedupon magnetically thereby, and limiting-stops therefor whereby saidswitch is actuated only upon reversals of movement of said wheel ordisk, as and'for the purpose set forth.

22. In a telautographic system, a magnet, a wheel arranged within themagnetic influence thereof,alevero magnetic material having corners orteeth formed thereon, said lever frictionally coupled to move with saidwheel, limiting-stops therefor,and a circuit-chan gin g device actuatedmagnetically by the teeth on said lever, as and for the purpose setforth. 23. In a telautographic system, magnets presenting poles ofopposite polarity, a lever having one end thereof arranged within theinfluence of one of said magnets, a magnetic pallet arranged Within theinfluence of the other of said magnets, the opposite end of said leverbeing presented to said pallet to. complete the magnetic circuit, acircuitchanging device actuated by said pallet and means for rockingsaid lever to break or close said magnetic circuit, as and for thepurpose set forth. I

24:. In a telautographic system, magnetic poles of opposite polarity, awheel arranged within the influence of one of said poles, a magneticpallet arranged within the influence of the other of said poles, and alever for completing the magnetic circuit between said magnets, saidlever adapted to be rocked upon change in direction of movement of thesaid wheel whereby the said pallet is vibrated and a circuit-changeractuated by said pallet, as and for the purpose set forth.

25. In a telautographic system, magnetic poles of opposite polarity, alever having one end thereof arranged within the influence of one ofsaid poles, a magnetic pallet arranged within the influence of the otherof said. poles, said lever having the opposite end thereof presented tosaid pallet and said pallet and lever being provided with projectingcorners or teeth upon their opposed surfaces, a circuit-changing deviceactuated by said pallet and means for rocking said lever, as and for thepurpose set forth.

26. In a telautographic system, a magnet, a wheel within the range ofinfluence of such magnet, a divided lever arranged to straddle saidwheel and frictionally engaged to move with said wheel, said lever beingacted upon magnetically by said wheel and a circuitthe record-surface ofsaid receiving-pen, saidchanging device adapted to be actuatedmagnetically by the movements of such lever, as and for the purpose setforth.

27. In a telautographic system, a magnet, a wheel within the range ofinfluence of such magnet, a bifurcated lever of magnetic material,having the legs thereof arranged to straddle said wheel and to bemagnetized thereby and a magnetic circuit-changing device arranged to beactuated by movements of such lever, as and for the purpose set forth.

28. In a telautographic system, a shaft suitably j ournaled to rotatefreely in either direction, a toothed wheel mounted on to rotate withsaid shaft, a magnet within the influence of which said wheel isarranged, a magnetic pallet arranged to be vibrated magnetically by theteeth of said wheel, a switch actuated by said vibratory pallet, amagnetic lever frictionally coupled to rotate with said shaft,limiting-stops therefor whereby said lever responds to changes indirection of rotation of said shaft but after being initially moved isnot disturbed during a continuation of movement of such shaft in thesame direction, and a circuit-changer actuated by said lever, as and forthe purpose set forth.

29. In a telautographic system, a shaft, a pen-drum and a toothed wheelmounted thereon, a magnet within the influence of which said wheel ismounted, a second magnet, a magnetic pallet within the influencethereof, the magnetic circuit between said magnet adapted to be made andbroken by teeth of said wheel during the rotation thereof, whereby saidpallet is vibrated, a switch adapted to be actuated by the vibrations ofsuch pallet, a third magnet, a magnetic pallet within the influencethereof a circuit-changer actuated by said pallet, and a leverfrictionally coupled to said shaft and adapted to breaker close themagnetic circuit between said wheel and last-mentioned pallet,limiting-stops for said lever, a transmitting-pen arm adapted to actuatesaid drum and line-circuit controlled jointly by said switch andcircuitchanger, as and for the purpose set forth.

30. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, an arm arranged to vary the circuit connections tochange the polarity of the line-current, a magnet arranged to beactuated by movements of the transmitting-pen toward and from itsrecord-surface for actuating said arm, a rest for the receiving-pen, apolarized magnet for moving said rest toward and from polarized magnetarranged in the line-circuit and actuated by reversals in polarity ofthe line-current, as and for the purpose set forth.

31. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, a movable contact arranged to vary the circuitconnection of the line-circuit to vary the polarity of the line-current,a magnetic head connected with said contact, and a cooperating magnetichead for moving said contact,

said cooperating magnetic head arranged to be actuated by movements ofsaid transmitting-pen toward and from its record-surface, a rest for thereceiving-pen, an electromagnet for moving said rest toward and from therecord-surface of the receiving-pen, said magnet arranged in theline-circuit and actuated by reversals in polarity of the line-current,as and for the purpose set forth.

32. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, a movable transmitting-platen arranged to be moved byraising the transmitting-pen therefrom or lowering it thereon, a movablecontact for varying the circuit connections of the line-circuit wherebythe polarity of the line current is varied, a magnetic head connectedtherewith and a cooperating magnetic head for moving said contact, saidcooperating head arranged to be moved by the movements of said platen, arest for the receiving-pen, an electromagnet for raising and loweringthe same toward and from the record-surface of said receiving-pen, saidelectromagnet arranged inthe line-circuit and actuated by reversals inthe polarity of the line-current, whereby the movements of thetransmittingpen toward and from its record-surface are duplicated in thereceiving-pen, as and for the purpose set forth.

33. In a telautographic system, a polechanger, including magnetic polesof opposite polarity, a magnetic pallet having projecting corners orteeth, a movable magnetic head having cooperating projecting teeth orcorners presented to said pallet, means for automatically moving saidhead whereby the magnetic circuit is disturbed and said pallet isvibrated and a reversing-switch actuated by said pallet,as and for thepurpose set forth.

34:. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda. line-circuit,

a pole-changer arranged in the line-circuit and comprising areversing-switch, magnetic poles of opposite polarity, a magnetic palletarranged within the magnetic circuit of said poles and adapted tooperate said reversingswitch, a magnetic head, and means actuated byraising the transmitting-pen from and lowering the same upon thetransmitting-platen for moving said head, whereby the magnetic circuitis disturbed and said pallet is actuated, and means actuated byreversals of the line-current for causing the receiving-pen to becorrespondingly raised from or lowered upon the receiving-platen, as andfor the purpose set forth.

35. In a telautographic system, a transmitting-pen, a receiving-pen anda line-circuit, a movable transmitting-platen, a lever upon which saidplaten rests, whereby when said platen is moved by imposing thereon orrelieving therefrom the pressure of the transmitting-pen said lever isalso moved, a magnetic head carried by said lever, a pallet to whichsaid head is presented, magnetic poles of opposite polarity within theinfluence of IIO

